William Shakespeare
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Biodata:
Tempat Tanggal lahir :Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, Inggris, 26 April 1564 –
Meninggal Dunia di : Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, Inggris, 23 April 1616 pada umur 51 tahun)
Pekerjaan :seorang penulis Inggris
William Shakespeare seringkali disebut orang sebagai salah satu sastrawan terbesar Inggris. Ia menulis sekitar 38 sandiwara tragedi, komedi, sejarah, dan 154 sonata, 2 puisi naratif, dan puisi-puisi yang lain. Ia menulis antara tahun 1585 dan 1613 dan karyanya telah diterjemahkan di hampir semua bahasa hidup di dunia dan dipentaskan di panggung lebih daripada semua penulis sandiwara yang lain.
Shakespeare lahir di Stratford-upon-Avon, Inggris, pada bulan April 1564, sebagai putra John Shakespeare dan Mary Arden. Ayah William cukup kaya ketika ia lahir dan memiliki bisnis pembuatan sarung tangan namun kemudian ia menjadi agak miskin setelah menjual wol secara ilegal. Shakespeare tidak mengikuti jejak ayahnya.
Pada zaman itu, sekolah umum baru dimulai di Inggris. Sebelumnya, hampir semua anak tidak tahu cara membaca dan menulis, mereka hanya belajar suatu ketrampilan atau bertani. Shakespeare pergi ke salah satu sekolah umum yang baru ini. Ia belajar Latin, yang merupakan bahasa semua kaum terpelajar, tidak peduli dari negara mana mereka berasal. Dari London ke Lisbon, dari Aleksandria ke Konstantinopel, dari Tunis ke Yerusalem, semua orang terpelajar berbicara Latin dan bahasa ibu mereka. Semua dokumen penting, baik dokumen negara, gereja, atau perdagangan, ditulis menggunakan Latin.
Shakespeare juga mempelajari karya-karya para penulis dan filosofer dari Yunani Kuno dan Romawi. Lebih dari 100 tahun berlalu sejak Johannes Gutenberg memperkenalkan percetakan ke Eropa pada tahun 1452. Shakespeare dan orang Inggris lain yang dapat membaca ─ dan mampu membeli ─ buku-buku menjadi akrab dengan kisah-kisah dari berbagai tempat seperti Italia, Perancis, Asia Minor, dan Afrika Utara. Beberapa kisah-kisah ini menjadi dasar cerita-cerita terbesar Shakespeare. Contohnya, The Golden Ass karya Apuleius, sebuah kisah kuno dari Afrika Utara, kemungkinan merupakan kisah yang menginspirasikan Impian di Tengah Musim. Shakespeare meminjam cerita untuk Romeo dan Juliet dari seorang penulis Inggris lain, yang mendapatkannya dari seorang penulis Perancis, yang menterjemahkannya dari kisah abad ke-16 oleh Luigi da Porta dari Italia yang bersumpah bahwa cerita tersebut adalah berdasarkan cerita nyata.
Romeo and Juliet
Pada awal 1590an, William Shakepseare mengokohkan dirinya sebagai seorang penulis sandiwara dan aktor di London. Selain itu, ia juga memiliki bagian dari rumah sandiwara tempat ia dan teman-temannya bermain. Itu mungkin adalah sumber penghasilannya. Shakespeare menikahi Anne Hathaway, yang delapan tahun lebih tua daripadanya, pada tanggal 28 November 1582 di Temple Grafton, dekat Stratford. Anne kala itu hamil tiga bulan. Bersama-sama mereka dikaruniai tiga anak: Susanna, dan si kembar Hamnet dan Judith. Istri dan ketiga anaknya tinggal di Stratford, dan kemungkinan besar Shakespeare pergi mengunjungi mereka setahun sekali. Pada tahun 1596 Hamnet meninggal dunia. Karena kemiripan nama, banyak orang berpikir bahwa hal ini mengilhaminya untuk menulis The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.
Shakespeare menjadi orang teater yang sangat terkenal, sangat populer, dan sangat kaya. Ratu Elizabeth I sangat menyukai karya-karyanya; begitu pula dengan Raja James I, penerusnya. Pada pemerintahan James I, Shakespeare dan kawan-kawan terkenal dengan sebutan "Orang-orang Raja" karena Raja James I adalah pengunjung mereka yang spesial. Shakespeare dan Orang-orang Raja bermain di istana kerajaan, di teater Globe dan di rumah sandiwara mereka, dan teater Blackfriars. Untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak uang, mereka juga mengadakan tur keliling Inggris, terutama pada saat-saat wabah penyakit menjangkit Inggris.
Shakespeare berhenti menulis pada tahun 1611 dan meninggal dunia beberapa tahun kemudian pada 1616. Sampai wafatnya ia tetap menikah dengan Anne. Pada batu nisannya tertulis: "Blest be the man who cast these stones, and cursed be he that moves my bones." (bahasa Indonesia: "Terbekatilah ia yang menaruh batu-batu ini, dan terkutuklah ia yang memindahkan tulang-tulangku.")
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE QUOTES
A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool.
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A man loves the meat in his youth that he cannot endure in his age.
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A peace is of the nature of a conquest; for then both parties nobly are subdued, and neither party loser.
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Absence from those we love is self from self - a deadly banishment.
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Alas, I am a woman friendless, hopeless!
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All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages.
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Ambition should be made of sterner stuff.
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An overflow of good converts to bad.
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And oftentimes excusing of a fault doth make the fault the worse by the excuse.
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And this, our life, exempt from public haunt, finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, sermons in stones, and good in everything.
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As flies to wanton boys, are we to the gods; they kill us for their sport.
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As he was valiant, I honour him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him.
William Shakespeare
As soon go kindle fire with snow, as seek to quench the fire of love with words.
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Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.
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Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.
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Better three hours too soon than a minute too late.
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Boldness be my friend.
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Brevity is the soul of wit.
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But men are men; the best sometimes forget.
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But O, how bitter a thing it is to look into happiness through another man's eyes.
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*
A man loves the meat in his youth that he cannot endure in his age.
*
A peace is of the nature of a conquest; for then both parties nobly are subdued, and neither party loser.
*
Absence from those we love is self from self - a deadly banishment.
*
Alas, I am a woman friendless, hopeless!
*
All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages.
*
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff.
*
An overflow of good converts to bad.
*
And oftentimes excusing of a fault doth make the fault the worse by the excuse.
*
And this, our life, exempt from public haunt, finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, sermons in stones, and good in everything.
*
As flies to wanton boys, are we to the gods; they kill us for their sport.
*
As he was valiant, I honour him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him.
William Shakespeare
As soon go kindle fire with snow, as seek to quench the fire of love with words.
*
Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.
*
Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.
*
Better three hours too soon than a minute too late.
*
Boldness be my friend.
*
Brevity is the soul of wit.
*
But men are men; the best sometimes forget.
*
But O, how bitter a thing it is to look into happiness through another man's eyes.
*
God has given you one face, and you make yourself another.
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God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves another.
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Having nothing, nothing can he lose.
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He does it with better grace, but I do it more natural.
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He is winding the watch of his wit; by and by it will strike.
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He that is giddy thinks the world turns round.
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He that loves to be flattered is worthy o' the flatterer.
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Heat not a furnace for your foe so hot that it do singe yourself.
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Hell is empty and all the devils are here.
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How far that little candle throws its beams! So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
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How oft the sight of means to do ill deeds makes ill deeds done!
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How poor are they that have not patience! What wound did ever heal but by degrees?
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How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is to have a thankless child!
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How well he's read, to reason against reading!
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I am not bound to please thee with my answer.
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I bear a charmed life.
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I dote on his very absence.
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I had rather have a fool to make me merry than experience to make me sad and to travel for it too!
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I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano; A stage where every man must play a part, And mine is a sad one.
*
I like not fair terms and a villain's mind.
*
God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves another.
*
Having nothing, nothing can he lose.
*
He does it with better grace, but I do it more natural.
*
He is winding the watch of his wit; by and by it will strike.
*
He that is giddy thinks the world turns round.
*
He that loves to be flattered is worthy o' the flatterer.
*
Heat not a furnace for your foe so hot that it do singe yourself.
*
Hell is empty and all the devils are here.
*
How far that little candle throws its beams! So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
*
How oft the sight of means to do ill deeds makes ill deeds done!
*
How poor are they that have not patience! What wound did ever heal but by degrees?
*
How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is to have a thankless child!
*
How well he's read, to reason against reading!
*
I am not bound to please thee with my answer.
*
I bear a charmed life.
*
I dote on his very absence.
*
I had rather have a fool to make me merry than experience to make me sad and to travel for it too!
*
I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano; A stage where every man must play a part, And mine is a sad one.
*
I like not fair terms and a villain's mind.
'Tis one thing to be tempted, another thing to fall.
*
To be, or not to be: that is the question.
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To do a great right do a little wrong.
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To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man.
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Truly, I would not hang a dog by my will, much more a man who hath any honesty in him.
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Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
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Use every man after his desert, and who should scape whipping?
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Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful.
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Virtue itself scapes not calumnious strokes.
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We are time's subjects, and time bids be gone.
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We cannot conceive of matter being formed of nothing, since things require a seed to start from... Therefore there is not anything which returns to nothing, but all things return dissolved into their elements.
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We know what we are, but know not what we may be.
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Well, if Fortune be a woman, she's a good wench for this gear.
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What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god.
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What is past is prologue.
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What, man, defy the devil. Consider, he's an enemy to mankind.
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What's done can't be undone.
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What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
*
When a father gives to his son, both laugh; when a son gives to his father, both cry.
*
When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions.
*
*
To be, or not to be: that is the question.
*
To do a great right do a little wrong.
*
To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man.
*
Truly, I would not hang a dog by my will, much more a man who hath any honesty in him.
*
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
*
Use every man after his desert, and who should scape whipping?
*
Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful.
*
Virtue itself scapes not calumnious strokes.
*
We are time's subjects, and time bids be gone.
*
We cannot conceive of matter being formed of nothing, since things require a seed to start from... Therefore there is not anything which returns to nothing, but all things return dissolved into their elements.
*
We know what we are, but know not what we may be.
*
Well, if Fortune be a woman, she's a good wench for this gear.
*
What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god.
*
What is past is prologue.
*
What, man, defy the devil. Consider, he's an enemy to mankind.
*
What's done can't be undone.
*
What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
*
When a father gives to his son, both laugh; when a son gives to his father, both cry.
*
When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions.
*
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